hotel a ColoniaReporting Capital Gains and Losses This section discusses how to report your capital gains and losseson Schedule D (Form 1040). Enter your sales and trades of stocks,bonds, etc., and real estate (if not required to be reported onanother form) on line 1 of Part I or line 8 of Part II, asappropriate. Include all these transactions even if you did notreceive a Form 1099-B or 1099-S (or substitute statement).You can use Schedule D-1 as a continuation schedule to reportmore transactions. Be sure to add all sales price entries in column (d) on lines 1 and2 and lines 8 and 9 and enter the totals on lines 3 and 10. Then addthe following amounts reported to you for 2000 on Forms 1099-Band Forms 1099-S (or on substitute statements): Proceeds from transactions involving stocks, bonds, andother securities, and Gross proceeds from real estate transactions (other than thesale of your main home if you had no taxable gain) not reported onanother form or schedule. If this total is more than the total of lines 3 and 10, attacha statement to your return explaining the difference. Installment sales.If you will receive any of the proceeds from the sale of yourinvestment property after the year of sale, you may have aninstallment sale. Generally, you report gain from an installment saleusing the installment method. Under this method, you report part ofthe gain each year that you receive a payment. For information, seePublication 537, Installment Sales. Stock or securities.You cannot use the installment method to report a gain from thesale of stock or securities traded on an established securitiesmarket. You must report the entire gain in the year of sale (the yearin which the trade date occurs). At-risk rules.Special at-risk rules apply to most income-producing activities.These rules limit the amount of loss you can deduct to the amount yourisk losing in the activity. The at-risk rules also apply to a lossfrom the sale or trade of an asset used in an activity to which theat-risk rules apply. For more information, see Publication 925,Passive Activity and At-Risk Rules. Use Form 6198,At-Risk Limitations, tofigure the amount of loss you can deduct. Passive activity gains and losses.If you have gains or losses from a passive activity, you may alsohave to report them onForm 8582. In some cases,the loss may be limited under the passive activity rules. Refer toForm 8582 and its separate instructions for more information aboutreporting capital gains and losses from a passive activity. Form 1099-B transactions.If you sold property, such as stocks, bonds, or certaincommodities, through a broker, you should receive Form 1099-B oran equivalent statement from the broker. Use the Form 1099-B orequivalent statement to complete Schedule D. Report the gross proceeds shown in box 2 of Form 1099-B asthe gross sales price in column (d) of either line 1 orline 8 of Schedule D, whichever applies. However, if the brokeradvises you, in box 2 of Form 1099-B, that gross proceeds (grosssales price) less commissions and option premiums were reported to theIRS, enter that net sales price in column (d) of eitherline 1 or line 8 of Schedule D, whichever applies. If the net amount is entered in column (d), do not include thecommissions and option premiums in column (e). Section 1256 contracts and straddles.Use Form 6781 to report gains and losses from section 1256contracts and straddles before entering these amounts on Schedule D.Include a copy of Form 6781 with your income tax return. Market discount bonds.Report the sale or trade of a market discount bond on Schedule D(Form 1040), line 1 or line 8. If the sale or trade results in a gainand you did not choose to include market discount in income currently,enter "Accrued Market Discount" on the next line in column (a)and the amount of the accrued market discount as a loss in column (f).Also report the amount of accrued market discount as interest incomeon Schedule B (Form 1040), line 1, and identify it as "AccruedMarket Discount." Form 1099-S transactions.If you sold or traded reportable real estate, you generally shouldreceive from the real estate reporting person a Form 1099-S,Proceeds From Real Estate Transactions, showing the grossproceeds. "Reportable real estate" is defined as any present or futureownership interest in any of the following: Improved or unimproved land, including air space, Inherently permanent structures, including any residential,commercial, or industrial building, A condominium unit and its accessory fixtures and commonelements, including land, and Stock in a cooperative housing corporation (as defined insection 216 of the Internal Revenue Code). A "real estate reporting person" could include the buyer'sattorney, your attorney, the title or escrow company, a mortgagelender, your broker, the buyer's broker, or the person acquiring thebiggest interest in the property. cheap hotels in KrakowYour Form 1099-S will show the gross proceeds from the saleor exchange in box 2. Follow the instructions for Schedule D to reportthese transactions, and include them on line 1 or 8 as appropriate. It is unlawful for any real estate reporting person to separatelycharge you for complying with the requirement to file Form1099-S. Sale of property bought at various times.If you sell a block of stock or other property that you bought atvarious times, report the short-term gain or loss from the sale on oneline in Part I of Schedule D and the long-term gain or loss on oneline in Part II. Write "Various" in column (b) for the "Dateacquired." See the Comprehensive Example later in thischapter. Sale expenses.Add to your cost or other basis any expense of sale such asbroker's fees, commissions, state and local transfer taxes, and optionpremiums. Enter this adjusted amount in column (e) of either Part I orPart II of Schedule D, whichever applies, unless you reported the netsales price amount in column (d). Short-term gains and losses.Capital gain or loss on the sale or trade of investment propertyheld 1 year or less is a short-term capital gain or loss. You reportit in Part I of Schedule D. If the amount you report in column (f) isa loss, show it in parentheses. You combine your share of short-term capital gain or loss frompartnerships, S corporations, and fiduciaries, and any short-termcapital loss carryover, with your other short-term capital gains andlosses to figure your net short-term capital gain or loss on line 7 ofSchedule D. Long-term gains and losses.A capital gain or loss on the sale or trade of investment propertyheld more than 1 year is a long-term capital gain or loss. You reportit in Part II of Schedule D. If the amount you report in column (f) isa loss, show it in parentheses. You also report the following in Part II of Schedule D: Undistributed long-term capital gains from a regulatedinvestment company (mutual fund) or real estate investment trust(REIT), Your share of long-term capital gains or losses frompartnerships, S corporations, and fiduciaries, All capital gain distributions from mutual funds and REITsnot reported directly on line 10 of Form 1040A or line 13 of Form1040, and Long-term capital loss carryovers. The result after combining these items with your other long-termcapital gains and losses is your net long-term capital gain or loss(line 16 of Schedule D). 28% rate gain or loss.Enter in column (g) the amount, if any, from column (f) that is a28% rate gain or loss. Enter any loss in parentheses. A 28% rate gain or loss is: Any collectibles gain or loss, or The part of your gain on qualified small business stock thatis equal to the section 1202 exclusion. For more information, see Capital Gain Tax Rates,later. Capital gain distributions only. You do not have to file Schedule D if all of thefollowing are true. The only amounts you would have to report on Schedule D arecapital gain distributions from box 2a of Form 1099-DIV (orsubstitute statement). You do not have an amount in box 2b, 2c, or 2d of any Form1099-DIV (or substitute statement). You do not file Form 4952 or, if you do, the amount on line4e of that form is not more than zero. If all the above statements are true, report your capital gaindistributions directly on line 13 of Form 1040 and check the box onthat line. Also, use the Capital Gain Tax Worksheet in theForm 1040 instructions to figure your tax. You can report your capital gain distributions on line 10 of Form1040A, instead of on Form 1040, if both of the following are true. None of the Forms 1099-DIV (or substitute statements)you received have an amount in box 2b, 2c, or 2d. You do not have to file Form 1040 for any other reason. (Forexample, you must not have any other capital gains or any capitallosses.) Total net gain or loss.To figure your total net gain or loss, combine your net short-termcapital gain or loss (line 7) with your net long-term capital gain orloss (line 16). Enter the result on line 17, Part III of Schedule D.If your losses are more than your gains, see Capital Losses,next. If both lines 16 and 17 are gains and line 39 of Form 1040is more than zero, see Capital Gain Tax Rates, later. Capital Losses If your capital losses are more than your capital gains, you canclaim a capital loss deduction. Report the deduction on line 13 ofForm 1040, enclosed in parentheses. Limit on deduction.Your allowable capital loss deduction, figured on Schedule D, isthe lesser of: $3,000 ($1,500 if you are married and file a separatereturn), or Your total net loss as shown on line 17 of ScheduleD. You can use your total net loss to reduce your income dollarfor dollar, up to the $3,000 limit. Capital loss carryover.If you have a total net loss on line 17 of Schedule D that is morethan the yearly limit on capital loss deductions, you can carry overthe unused part to the next year and treat it as if you had incurredit in that next year. If part of the loss is still unused, you cancarry it over to later years until it is completely used up. When you figure the amount of any capital loss carryover to thenext year, you must take the current year's allowable deduction intoaccount, whether or not you claimed it. When you carry over a loss, it remains long term or short term. Along-term capital loss you carry over to the next tax year will reducethat year's long-term capital gains before it reduces that year'sshort-term capital gains. Figuring your carryover.The amount of your capital loss carryover is the amount of yourtotal net loss that is more than the lesser of: Your allowable capital loss deduction for the year, or Your taxable income increased by your allowable capital lossdeduction for the year and your deduction for personalexemptions. If your deductions are more than your gross income for the taxyear, use your negative taxable income in computing the amount in item(2). Complete the Capital Loss Carryover Worksheet in theSchedule D (Form 1040) instructions to determine the part of yourcapital loss for 2000 that you can carry over to 2001. Example.Bob and Gloria sold securities in 2000. The sales resulted in acapital loss of $7,000. They had no other capital transactions. Theirtaxable income was $26,000. On their joint 2000 return, they candeduct $3,000. The unused part of the loss, $4,000 ($7,000 -$3,000), can be carried over to 2001. If their capital loss had been $2,000, their capital loss deductionwould have been $2,000. They would have no carryover to 2001. Use short-term losses first.When you figure your capital loss carryover, use your short-termcapital losses first, even if you incurred them after a long-termcapital loss. If you have not reached the limit on the capital lossdeduction after using the short-term capital loss, use the long-termcapital losses until you reach the limit. Decedent's capital loss.A capital loss sustained by a decedent during his or her last taxyear (or carried over to that year from an earlier year) can bededucted only on the final return filed for the decedent. The capitalloss limits discussed earlier still apply in this situation. Thedecedent's estate cannot deduct any of the loss or carry it over tofollowing years. Joint and separate returns.If you and your spouse once filed separate returns and are nowfiling a joint return, combine your separate capital loss carryovers.However, if you and your spouse once filed a joint return and are nowfiling separate returns, any capital loss carryover from the jointreturn can be deducted only on the return of the spouse who actuallyhad the loss. Capital Gain Tax Rates The 31%, 36%, and 39.6% income tax rates for individuals do notapply to a net capital gain. In most cases, the 15% and 28% rates donot apply either. Instead, your net capital gain is taxed at a lowercapital gain rate. The term "net capital gain" means the amount by which your netlong-term capital gain for the year is more than your net short-termcapital loss. The capital gain rate may be 10%, 20%, 25%, or 28%, or acombination of those rates, as shown in Table 4-2. Table 4-2. What is Your Maximum Capital Gains Rate? The capital gain rate does not apply if it is higher than yourregular tax rate. Example.You have a net capital gain from selling collectibles, so thecapital gain rate on the gain would be 28%. Because you are single andyour taxable income is $25,000, your regular tax rate is 15%. All yourtaxable income will be taxed at the 15% rate. The 28% rate does notapply. Investment interest deducted.If you claim a deduction for investment interest, you may have toreduce the amount of your net capital gain that is eligible for thecapital gain tax rates. Reduce it by the amount of the net capitalgain you choose to include in investment income when figuring thelimit on your investment interest deduction. This is done on lines20-22 of Schedule D. For more information about the limit oninvestment interest, see Interest Expenses in chapter 3. Using the Capital Gain Rates The part of a net capital gain that is subject to each rate isdetermined under the following rules. In each of the following groups, long-term capital gains arenetted with long-term capital losses. A 28% group, consisting of collectibles gains and losses,gain on qualified small business stock equal to the section 1202exclusion, and long-term capital loss carryovers. A 25% group, consisting of unrecaptured section 1250gain. ERROR MSGA 20% group, consisting of gains and losses that are not inthe 28% or 25% group. A net short-term capital loss reduces any net gain from the28% group, then any gain from the 25% group, and finally any net gainfrom the 20% group. A net loss from the 28% group reduces any gain from the 25%group, and then any net gain from the 20% group. A net loss from the 20% group reduces any net gain from the28% group, and then any gain from the 25% group. Collectibles gain or loss.This is gain or loss from the sale or trade of a work of art, rug,antique, metal (such as gold, silver, and platinum bullion), gem,stamp, coin, or alcoholic beverage held more than 1 year. Collectibles gain includes gain from the sale of an interest in apartnership, S corporation, or trust attributable to unrealizedappreciation of collectibles. Gain on qualified small business stock.If you realized a gain from qualified small business stock that youheld more than 5 years, you generally can exclude one-half of yourgain from your income. The taxable part of your gain equal to yoursection 1202 exclusion is a 28% rate gain. See Gains on QualifiedSmall Business Stock, earlier in this chapter. Unrecaptured section 1250 gain.Generally, this is any part of your capital gain from sellingsection 1250 property (real property) that is due to depreciation (butnot more than your net section 1231 gain), reduced by any net loss inthe 28% group. Use the worksheet in the Schedule D instructions tofigure your unrecaptured section 1250 gain. For more information aboutsection 1250 property and section 1231 gain, see chapter 3 ofPublication 544. Using Schedule D.You apply these rules by using Part IV of Schedule D (Form 1040) tofigure your tax. You will need to use Part IV if both of the following are true. You have a net capital gain. You have a net capital gain ifboth lines 16 and 17 of Schedule D are gains. (Line 16 is your netlong-term capital gain or loss. Line 17 is your net long-term capitalgain or loss combined with any net short-term capital gain orloss.) Your taxable income on Form 1040, line 39, is more thanzero. See the Comprehensive Example, later, for an example ofhow to figure your tax on Schedule D using the capital gain rates. Using Capital Gain Tax Worksheet. If you have capital gain distributions but do not have to fileSchedule D (Form 1040), figure your tax using the Capital GainTax Worksheet in the instructions for Form 1040A or Form 1040,whichever you file. For more information, see Capital gaindistributions only, earlier. Alternative minimum tax.These capital gain rates are also used in figuring alternativeminimum tax. Changes for Years After 2000 After 2000, there will be changes in the capital gain rates. 2001.Beginning in the year 2001, the 10% capital gain rate will belowered to 8% for "qualified 5-year gain." 2006.Beginning in the year 2006, the 20% capital gain rate will belowered to 18% for qualified 5-year gain from property with a holdingperiod that begins after 2000. Taxpayers who own certain stock on January 1, 2001, can choose totreat the stock as sold and repurchased on January 2, 2001, if theypay tax for 2001 on any resulting gain. Qualified 5-year gain.luxury hotel rooms MikonosThis is long-term capital gain from the sale of property that youheld for more than 5 years and that would otherwise be subject to the10% or 20% capital gain rate. Comprehensive Example Emily Jones is single and, in addition to wages from her job, shehas income from stocks and other securities. For the 2000 tax year,she had the following capital gains and losses, which she reports onSchedule D. Her filled-in Schedule D is shown at the end of thisexample. Capital gains and losses--Schedule D.Emily sold stock in two different companies that she held for lessthan a year. In June, she sold 100 shares of Trucking Co. stock thatshe had bought in February. She had an adjusted basis of $1,150 in thestock and sold it for $400, for a loss of $750. In July, she sold 25shares of Computer Co. stock that she bought in June. She had anadjusted basis in the stock of $2,000 and sold it for $2,500, for again of $500. She reports these short-term transactions on line 1 inPart I of Schedule D. Emily had three other stock sales that she reports as long-termtransactions on line 8 in Part II of Schedule D. In February, she sold60 shares of Car Co. for $2,100. She had inherited the Car stock fromher father. Its fair market value at the time of his death was $2,500,which became her basis. Her loss on the sale is $400. Because she hadinherited the stock, her loss is a long-term loss, regardless of howlong she and her father actually held the stock. She enters the lossin column (f) of line 8. In June, she sold 500 shares of Furniture Co. stock for $5,000. Shehad bought 100 of those shares in 1989, for $1,000. She had bought 100more shares in 1991 for $2,200, and an additional 300 shares in 1993for $1,500. Her total basis in the stock is $4,700. She has a $300($5,000 - $4,700) gain on this sale, which she enters in column(f) of line 8. In December, she sold 20 shares of Toy Co. stock for $4,100. Thiswas qualified small business stock that she had bought in September1995. Her basis is $1,100, so she has a $3,000 gain, which she entersin column (f) of line 8. Because she held the stock more than 5 years,she has a $1,500 section 1202 exclusion. She enters that amount incolumn (g) as a 28% rate gain and claims the exclusion on the linebelow by entering $1,500 as a loss in column (f). She received a Form 1099-B (not shown) from her broker foreach of these transactions. The entries shown in box 2 of these formstotal $14,100. Reconciliation of Forms 1099-B.Emily makes sure that the total of the amounts reported in column(d) of lines 3 and 10 of Schedule D is not less than the total of theamounts shown on the Forms 1099-B she received from her broker.For 2000, the total of lines 3 and 10 of Schedule D is $14,100, whichis the same amount reported by the broker on Forms 1099-B. Form 6781.During 2000, Emily had a realized loss from a regulated futurescontract of $11,000. She also had an unrealized marked to market gainon open contracts of $27,000 at the end of 2000. She had reported anunrealized marked to market gain of $1,000 on her 1999 tax return.(This $1,000 must be subtracted from her 2000 profit.) These amountsare shown in boxes 6, 7, and 8 of the Form 1099-B she receivedfrom her broker. Box 9 shows her combined profit of $15,000 ($27,000- $1,000 - $11,000). She reports this gain in Part I ofForm 6781 (not shown). She shows 40% as short-term gain on line 4 ofSchedule D and 60% as long-term gain on line 11 of Schedule D. The Form 1099-B that Emily received from her broker, XYZTrading Co., is shown later. Capital loss carryover from 1999.Emily has a capital loss carryover to 2000 of $800, of which $300is short-term capital loss, and $500 is long-term capital loss. Sheenters these amounts on lines 6 and 14 of Schedule D. She kept the completed Capital Loss Carryover Worksheetin her 1999 Schedule D instructions (not shown), so she couldproperly report her loss carryover for the 2000 tax year withoutrefiguring it. Tax computation.Because Emily has gains on both lines 16 and 17 of Schedule D andhas taxable income, she uses Part IV of Schedule D to figure her tax.After entering the gain from line 17 on line 13 of her Form 1040, shecompletes the rest of Form 1040 through line 39. She enters the amountfrom that line, $30,000, on line 19 of Schedule D. After filling outthe rest of Part IV, she figures her tax is $4,434. This is less thanthe tax she would have figured without using Part IV of Schedule D,$4,995. Schedule D (Form 1040) Schedule D, page 2 Form 1099-B